Sexual Dysfunctions

We’ve seen how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) follows a certain logic: after addressing eating and sleep, it now turns to another basic need—sex. In this case, we’re not talking about sexual disorders, but rather sexual dysfunctions. As you can imagine, a dysfunction is when something doesn’t work optimally. But why would a manual on mental disorders be concerned with sexual dysfunctions? Let me explain it in my own words.

I’m sure that by researching independently (not just by reading my page), you’ve understood that body and mind are interconnected. This means physiological functions are influenced by our thoughts, mood, and life experiences. The same applies to sex: the desire to engage in sexual activity, performance, the ability to reach orgasm, and the pleasure of the experience are all influenced by psychological factors. Want some examples? Let’s look at a few.

Let’s start with the simplest and most widespread one: stress. Moving on: how do you perceive yourself physically? Do you consider yourself attractive enough to “deserve” a sexual relationship? Here’s a different factor—having experienced sexual violence can alter the perception of pleasure during sexual activity. Cultural factors can also have an impact. As you can see, approaching sexual dysfunctions purely from a medical standpoint could be limiting.

The diagnostic manual (DSM-5 ) identifies five factors that can influence the "sex":

• Partner-related factors: sexual or health problems
• Relationship factors: poor communication, differing levels of desire
• Individual vulnerability factors: negative self-image, history of abuse
• Cultural or religious factors: attitudes toward sexuality
• Relevant medical conditions.

The DSM-5 describes several types of sexual dysfunctions, including:

• Delayed ejaculation
• Erectile disorder
• Female orgasmic disorder
• Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
  
• Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
• Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
• Premature ejaculation.

Sources

• American Psychiatric Association (2013) – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.)
• Bernhill, J. W. (2014) – DSM-5 Clinical Cases

If you’d like me to explain another psychology topic in my own words, feel free to leave a comment.